Londons Social Class in Robert Louis Stevenson Strange Case of Dr. Jek

capital of the United Kingdoms Social Class in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeOne Victorian popular opinion was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who surely appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but seldom did one see an individual move up from the abysmal lower class. Although poverty could be found almost anywhere in Victorian London (one could walk along a street of an affluent neighborhood, turn the corner, and find oneself in an area of depravity and decay), most upper-class Londoners, who tended to dwell in the western United States End, associated the East End with the lower class. Writers like Henry Mayhew (London Labour and the London Poor) and Jack London (The People of the Abyss), and artis ts like Gustave Dore (London) and John Thomson (Street Life in London) - whole chroniclers of the desperate conditions of those in the East End - helped enlighten many around world - particularly those who lived just beyond the permeable boundaries of that notorious area - as to the needs of the citys unfortunate members of society. Their works called out - whether directly or indirectly - for some sort of radical social reform, but there was little contiguous response. The East End continued throughout the 19th century to exist as a symbol for the deterioration of society and the degeneration of humanity. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the subscriber is given vivid (and often depressing) images of Londons East End Two doors from one corner. . . the line was broken by the e... ... desires (i.e., sexual opportunities). Those like Jekyll, however, who were of the upper classes and who harbored secret and socially forbidden desires, nonetheless had to control these desires in order to maintain an elite appearance. As Henrik Hansen notes, A man was considered to be civilized if he was able to trim back the animal instincts within him. . . and the Victorian elite could thus claim to be more civilized than the lower classes (par. 2). The novel, then, can be perceived as a commentary not only on the distinctions between these sides of London but also on the hypocrisy of the upper-class men who struggled to conceal their homosexuality and who, in spite of whatever rhetoric they spoke among their class against the End End, sought to fulfill their lusts in areas like Soho and Regent Street - where their anonymity would be almost certainly secured.

The Perversion of Dorians Soul in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian

The Perversion of Dorians Soul in Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray The soul is thought to be an immaterial entity coexistent with our bodies which is credited with the faculties of thought, action, and emotion. It is the part of our body which is believed to live on after the body dies. In Oscar Wildes, The Picture of Dorian Gray, the main character, Dorian Gray, destroys the innocence of his soul and creates corrupt. He becomes corrupt by failing to live a life of virtue. The main reason for his transformation can be attributed to a portrait painted of him that captured the lawful essence of his innocence. This portrait is the personification of his soul. At the beginning of the book Dorian makes a wish that inevitably changes his life forever. His wish is that, If it were I who was to be unceasingly young, and the picture that was to grow old For that - for that - I would transcend everything Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give I would give my sou l for that (Wilde, 40) As Dorians wish of staying young and beautiful forever come true so does the fact that he has given his soul away to the devil. other contributing factor to the perversion of Dorians soul comes from his supposed friend, Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Henry fills Dorians head with his outrageous philosophies such as, ....youth is the one thing value having. .... You have only a few years in which to live really, perfectly, and fully. When your youth goes, your beauty will go with it... (34) and The only way to get unfreeze of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist it, and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous laws have made monstrous ... ... that Dorian has become a dissolute and perverse man who cannot understand that vanity and the thrill of new sensations are not what run the world. Works Cited Cohen, Ed. Talk on the Wilde Side. groovy Britain Routledge, 1993. Freidman, Jonathan (edit ed). Oscar Wilde A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1996. Pearson, Hesketh (edited). Essays By Oscar Wilde. New York Books For Libraries Press, 1972. Ransome, Arthur. Oscar Wilde A Critical Study. London Mr. Martin Secker, 1913. Weintraub, Stanley (edited). Literary Criticism of Oscar Wilde. Nebraska University of Nebraska Press, 1968. Woodcock, George. The conundrum of Oscar Wilde. London-New York T.V. Boardman and Co., Ltd., 1950. Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Denmark Wordsworth Editions Limited, Reprinted V

Critical Response- George Orwells Shooting And Elephant :: essays research papers

Critical Response EssayI class, we read a short story by George Orwell c on the wholeed scene an Elephant. It was a story around courage, judgment, and the pressure of peers. I personally did not like this story. I found it boring, pointless, and yet another "hasnt -this -happened -to -you" story about nothing. However, it was very well written, and if I had to critically respond to this story, I would praise the author on a telephone number of things.     The story opens by describing the relationship amid the town and himself, a sort of sub-division police officer of the town. Description is definetly not lacking in the opening, as talking to such as "aimless", and " small" are used to describe the town, and the way it treats it officers. It descriibes the kind of ignorance the town has to outsiders and anyone they do not "approve of". The story opens well, and clarifies adjust away, the who, what, where, when, why and how . No questions are asked and all confusions are quickly abolished.     The second paragraph describes very vividly how he the narrator feels about his job choice, and his views on the village. He says "I was stuck between my disgust of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible". The narrator not unless is in a place where he hates, but he also hates the people he works with, and works for Wow, howd he end up there?     Basically, the story line goes on to tell the tale of an elephant that needs to be killed, because it got out of the zoo and endagers the community. The story describes how the main character feels about himself and the pressures of the community. A showdown climaxes the storyline between the elephant and the narrator, and the full village is there to witness and entice the main character.Critical Response- George Orwells Shooting And Elephant essay s research papers Critical Response EssayI class, we read a short story by George Orwell called Shooting an Elephant. It was a story about courage, judgment, and the pressure of peers. I personally did not like this story. I found it boring, pointless, and just another "hasnt -this -happened -to -you" story about nothing. However, it was very well written, and if I had to critically respond to this story, I would praise the author on a number of things.     The story opens by describing the relationship between the town and himself, a sort of sub-division police officer of the town. Description is definetly not lacking in the opening, as words such as "aimless", and "petty" are used to describe the town, and the way it treats it officers. It descriibes the kind of ignorance the town has to outsiders and anyone they do not "approve of". The story opens well, and clarifies right away, the who, what, where, when, why and how. No quest ions are asked and all confusions are quickly abolished.     The second paragraph describes very vividly how he the narrator feels about his job choice, and his views on the village. He says "I was stuck between my hatred of the empire I served and my rage against the evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make my job impossible". The narrator not only is in a place where he hates, but he also hates the people he works with, and works for Wow, howd he end up there?     Basically, the story line goes along to tell the tale of an elephant that needs to be killed, because it got out of the zoo and endagers the community. The story describes how the main character feels about himself and the pressures of the community. A showdown climaxes the storyline between the elephant and the narrator, and the entire village is there to witness and entice the main character.

Child Development Essay -- Psychology, Locke, Rousseau, Piaget, Watson

There have been many visionaries that have developed theoretical simulations which give a basic, general approach to judgment the ways in which children develop. Doherty and Hughes (2009) recall that earliest childhood progression is most commonly presented in terms of specific periods of time. Therefore, this tends to relate to the idea of fixed and particular stages that are strongly linked with chronological age, moreover, providing a very specific ordering of change. The most frequently identified periods of maturement are prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, later childhood and adolescence. Generalised theories on child development came about in the 17th century, with John Lockes Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) forming a fanny where a child was born as a blank slate. Contrastingly, Jean- Jacques Rousseaus Emile (1762) explored the idea that children were born with a sense of morality. These two theorists provide the origins of generalised developm ent, intend that within these theories, children develop in the same way. However, using Gewirtz and Pelaez-Nogueras (1992) criteria for evaluating theories, generalised theories do not take account for individual differences that exist as children grow and develop. Thus, it could be suggested that these broad patterns are not likely to be very helpful.Behaviourism, on the other hand, asserts that development of the individual can be achieved through observation of, and experiences in, the environment. It stipulates that development has to be based on observations rather than speculations about cognitive processes, which are by their nature unobservable.One early proponent of this theory was John Watson, who, in 1913, published a paper ... ...t reflects slow and steady change over time, or it goes through distinctly defined stages. Arguably, development should be considered as world largely continuous but having certain stages characterised by milestone stages such as beginning t o walk, where this new skill is clearly different from the childs previous abilities. The development within early childhood can be seen to be due to many factors that have slightly clear effects upon some aspect of their progression, such as diverse environments and social settings. Every child experiences a unique combination of genetic and environmental influences that show how children have their give birth distinctive abilities, suggesting that generalised patterns are not very helpful indicators in considering the development of an individual child except as a loose framework within which to childs development can be monitored.

Discuss the Minority Presence in Contemporary British Art Essay

Minority Presence in Contemporary British artworkHighly visible yet evasively mute. Art critic Kobena Mercer, comments on the rate of flow position of Afri post and Asian artists in Contemporary British Art, when he suggests that minority artists are seen and not heard. This oxymoronic position derives from a long historical legacy of European colonization and the emphasis on racial inferiority and otherness. On the one hand, British art is progressive, allowing some minority art in the general art world. moreover on the other hand minority art is still marginalized by the preferential treatment given to white artists. There is a strong layer of accuracy in Mercers statement because while minority art can now be seen, the voice is suppressed when the ethnic element is too strong. Subordination comes in many forms. not only do minority artists have a limited gallery nominal head in major galleries, but finding information on them can be utterly impossible when the current focus of British art revolves around what it means to be British. The only minority artists that are visible are artists who either play up white stereotypes or allude to a Western artistic tradition. An examination of these artists and the current art climate, indicate that the visible presence of minority artists is controlled by preconceived traditions and perceptions. The difficulties facing minority artists in Britain today relate to the current climate of the art world. A quiet tug-o-war exists between the attack to globalize the British art and return to white dominance. Multiculturalism is everywhere however, it often plays an artificial role in that its purpose is to fulfill a quota. The predominately white yBa effect defines the current art worl... ...the boat too much. African/Asian artists must allude to either white stereotypes or traditions, to survive in an art world that continues to be dominated by the majority. Works CitedChambers, Eddie interview with Petrine Arche r Straw. From Annotations 5 Run throughthe jungle selected writings by Eddie Chambers. Edited by GilaneTawdrows andVictoria Clarke. capital of the United Kingdom inIva, 1999, pp 21-31King, Catherine. Views of Difference Different Views of Art. Yale University PressLondon, 1999.Mercer, Kobena, Ethnicity and Internationality New British Art and Diaspora-BasedBlackness, Third Text, Winter 1999-2000, p 55Robinson, Hilary. Visibly Female. 1986 from an interview with Yasmin Kureshi.Reworking Myths Sutapa BiswasStallabrass, Julian. High Art Light. Verso London, 1999. from Ofili, interview withMarco Spinelli, Brilliant pg. 7

Discuss the Minority Presence in Contemporary British Art Essay

Minority Presence in Contemporary British finesseworkHighly visible yet evasively mute. Art critic Kobena Mercer, comments on the current position of African and Asian artists in Contemporary British Art, when he suggests that nonage artists are seen and not heard. This oxymoronic position derives from a long historical legacy of European colonization and the emphasis on racial inferiority and otherness. On the one hand, British art is progressive, allowing some minority art in the general art world. Yet on the other hand minority art is still marginalized by the preferential treatment given to white artists. on that point is a strong degree of accuracy in Mercers statement because while minority art can now be seen, the voice is suppressed when the ethnic element is too strong. control comes in many forms. Not only do minority artists have a limited gallery presence in major galleries, but finding information on them can be utterly impossible when the current focus of British a rt revolves around what it means to be British. The only minority artists that are visible are artists who either play up white stereotypes or allude to a Western artistic tradition. An examination of these artists and the current art climate, indicate that the visible presence of minority artists is controlled by preconceived traditions and perceptions. The difficulties facing minority artists in Britain today relate to the current climate of the art world. A quiet tug-o-war exists between the effort to globalize the British art and return to white dominance. Multiculturalism is everywhere however, it often plays an artificial role in that its purpose is to sate a quota. The predominately white yBa movement defines the current art worl... ...the boat too much. African/Asian artists must allude to either white stereotypes or traditions, to survive in an art world that continues to be dominated by the majority. Works CitedChambers, Eddie interview with Petrine Archer Straw. From A nnotations 5 Run throughthe jungle selected writings by Eddie Chambers. edit by GilaneTawdrows andVictoria Clarke. London inIva, 1999, pp 21-31King, Catherine. Views of Difference Different Views of Art. Yale University PressLondon, 1999.Mercer, Kobena, Ethnicity and Internationality New British Art and Diaspora-BasedBlackness, Third Text, Winter 1999-2000, p 55Robinson, Hilary. visibly Female. 1986 from an interview with Yasmin Kureshi.Reworking Myths Sutapa BiswasStallabrass, Julian. High Art Light. Verso London, 1999. from Ofili, interview withMarco Spinelli, Brilliant pg. 7

Begin With The End In Mind

The thesis topic, go round With The End In Mind is from the book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People written by Stephen R. Covey. earlier to writing this book Covey had over 25 years of experience dealing with business issues much(prenominal) as helpering companies and their employees to be to a greater extent stiff and efficient in their work. Stephen R. Covey leads seminars teaching managers to do the right thing as opposed to doing things right. In a nutshell, thats the difference between being hard-hitting and being merely efficient.Stephen R. Covey is chairman and founder of Covey Leadership Center, a worldwide, 700 member leadership development firms. He is author of the phenomenally prospered best seller The vii Habits of Highly Successful People, with over 6 million copies sold in 32 languages. Dr. Covey is respected internationally as an author, lecturer, teacher and leadership mentor. For more than than 30 years, he has trained thousands of leaders in business , industry, education and government.Stephen has a doctorate degree from Brigham materialization Univer taunty, an M.B.A. degree from Harvard University, and a Bachelor of Science degree cum Laude, from the University of Utah. He has served as an asideicer and board member of several corporations, an administrative assistant to the president of Brigham Young University, a visiting professor at the University of Utah and at Belfast Technical College, as well as a popular faculty member for the Young Presidents Organization. Dr. Covey is also the creator of The Masters, a nationally acclaimed management development program publisher of Executive Excellence, an executive advisory newsletter and producer of the Seven Habits video and audio training programs and turn outr. He is married to Sandra Merrill Covey, and they ar the p arnts of nine children.Overview of the BookStephen R. Coveys The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People was first published in 1989. Since that time, the se ven habits he identified and find outd go under in been used by scores of individuals and organizations to improve their effectiveness.Stephen R. Coveys incredibly successful book is a path stylus to firmness and power. It offers a revolutionary program to breaking the patterns of self-defeating behavior that defy us from achieving our terminuss and go a unavoidablenessing our fullest potential, and describes how to replace them with a principle- cogitateed approach to problem solving.Covey in his book The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People explains in-depth the 7 habits that makes mass effective in their work. In the book Covey explains the concepts by broad objective world examples. He also guides the readers, how they roll in the hay follow the 7 habits of highly effective people. Follo come throughg be the 7 habits discussed by Covey in his book.1) Be Proactive2) Begin with the End in Mind3) Put First Things First4) Think Win/Win5) Seek First to Understand, Then to be Understood6) Synergize7) Sharpen the SawBegin With The End In MindGreat advice is a lot ignored be experience it sounds so matter-of-fact, makes such common sense impression, and is so artless that it just trampnot be that good. Any peerless could demand eyeshot of that idea, and probably has so whats new? Begin with the give noticeing in mind is whizz such thought and is presented by Stephen Covey in his series of books on the 7 Habits of Highly Successful People. You slang to com rai plan ahead to your destination or your destination in the beginning you fag displace plan the go or plot the route needed to reach it. And that makes good senseSTOP right now whatever you are doing.Now, intercommunicate yourself, what is the reverse (the purpose) of reading this thesis? If you do not realize, indeed wherefore are you reading it?Everything that you do, you do for a reason. However, you may not al focal points be aware of that reason.Habit 2 Begin with the give the sack in mind is all about shafting why you do what you are doing. Your develop off the grounding express is a make out of intentions, targets, missions, masss or dreams. These give purpose to all that you do.If you do not follow this Habit You testament spend your lei genuine time the way TV companies requisite you to You exit buy what advertisers want you to You will engender the first half-decent job that comes along At the end of the day, you will find no idea what you have achievedIf you do follow this Habit Your leisure time will be amazing You will spend less and enjoy it more Your job will match your desires and your talents At the end of the day, you will look back over many worthwhile achievementsTo get into this habit At the end of every day, decide what you will achieve the next day During the day, regularly ask yourself why you are doing what you are doing. If you do not get a good answer, do something else theorise that our minds are like a camer a lens. When we zoom in on the details, the big picture gets out of focus. And when we withstand a wide-angle view, we can see more opportunities and then choose which actions well take to seize those opportunities. A wide-angle view can stand the motivation needed to focus on all the details needed to make something happen.In Stephen Coveys book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, Habit 2 is to Begin with the end in mind. By focusing on the final vector sumant role first, you can get go acrosser about what it would look and feel like if you were already there. This wider focus makes it easier to see more opportunities and possibilities than we can see when we only focus on the details.Author Stephen R. Covey in his theory presents a holistic, integrated, principle-centered approach for solving person-to-person and professional problems. With cunning insights and pointed anecdotes, Covey reveals a step-by-step pathway for living with fairness, integrity, honesty, an d human dignity principles that give us the security to adapt to diversity and the wisdom and power to take advantage of the opportunities that change pee-pees.According to Covey, begin with the end in the mind delegacy, you jazz where you are heading and you know what your destination is. In other devise you should not start your trip without knowing your destination/Goal.For e.g. if you want to go to your relay transmitters house, you need to know the exact address of the house otherwise you may decamp your time and possibly you will not be able to reach his house. Just by sitting in the car and start driving you will not help you reach your friends house. The most effective and efficient way of reaching your friends house is to make sure that you have the address (The end) before you start your tripWhat is Goal?The definition of Goal is the end that one strives to attain. Its the object of a persons ambition, desire or final destination. Are goals really an end to somethin g? They are just the beginning. Once you set and reach your goals you are on your way to achieving greater heights, unlimited heights. Here are some tips on goals. The most successful people have goals. Their goals are specific, measurable and positive. Goals are not dreams, they are achievable within reach. Goals mustiness be achievable and believable. If you dont believe you can reach your goal then you wont. cod sure you are really committed to your goal. Dont waste your time, energy and emotions on goals that you dont believe you can achieve. Share your goal, write your goal d give, look at your goal everyday.The best goals are the ones that cause you to stretch yourself in order to reach them. In other words if you want to set a financial goal for sales or business, set one that you approximate you can reach then add 20%. This will cause you to stretch and go beyond your comfort zone. How are you going to achieve your goal? Heres how you do it. Think of a goal that is specif ic, measurable, explicit and positive. One that is accessible with a stretch. Then you ask yourself, when do you plan to achieve it? 6 months? 1 year? 5 years? Now work rearward from that point. What do you have to do? What are your monthly, weekly and unremarkable milestones and actions? In other words what are your short-term goals to achieve your long-term goal? Always keep the end/goal and the reason you want to achieve the goal in your mind. In this way you will diaphragm traind and focused to achieve your goal.Make goals or picks that are Specific dumbfound a crystal fire picture of the desired outcome. Measurable How will you know you have achieved your desired outcome? How will you measure it? Achievable Create a step-by-step plan to accomplish what you want. Relevant Does this goal fit within the large picture (wide-angle view) of what is most important to you? Time-bound What is the timeline for accomplishing what you want?Begin with the End in Mind convey to begin each day or task with a clear judgment of your desired direction and destination. By keeping that end in mind you can make certain that whatever you do on any crabbed day does not violate the criteria you have defined as supremely important, and that each day of your life contri notwithstandinges in a meaningful way to the vision you have of your life as a whole.Importance of setting Goal/EndThe key to success is setting up goals. If you have a goal then you will strive to achieve it, you will be motivated, and focused. If you have a goal in front of you, you will know what you want to achieve, and why you want to achieve those things. Therefore, if you know your goal, stay focused, and you know the reasons for achieving the goal then you will successfully achieve your goal.In work force there are 2 types of peopleFirst types of people are the ones who are working because they have to feed themselves and their family. These are the people who do not look forward, who do not look at the end, and who do not have goals. As far as their basic needs are filled they are happy. They do not have any goals and therefore do not strive to achieve them. In most cases these types of people will remain at the same property from where they started.Second types of people are those who have ambitions, goals and they have the end in their mind. They are not satisfied with just feeding themselves and their family. They get satisfaction when they take a step forward to achieve their goal. They work hard and are unalienableally motivated. They are the employees who are successful and make the business successful because they have end/goal in their mind. They are most likely to get promotions in company very quickly. They will keep moving and will give their 100% to reach their destination/goal.For Covey a personal mission bid is the key to effective finish-making. Through a series of attentive exercises, Covey leads the reader to identify what is truly important in his or her life. A personal mission statement answers two essential questions What am I about? Upon what principles do I operate my life?A person without such a mission, Covey writes fluctuates from one center to some other, the resulting relativism is like roller coasting through with(predicate) life. One moment youre high, the next moment youre lowThere is no consistent sense of direction, no persistent wisdom, no steady power publish or sense of personal, intrinsic worth and identity.The prototype, of course, is to create one clear center from which you consistently derive a high degree of security, guidance, wisdom and power, empowering your proactively and boastful congruency and harmony to every part of your life.Similarly, we believe it is important for every aspect of life, in a reflective and thoughtful way, to develop a mission statement. Imagine the rich conversation and the benefit to all of the people of the world if get to answer 1) What is my life all about? and 2) Upon what principles do I operate? missionary station statements, along with a set of goals, allow stating exactly what it desires for everyone -i.e., to define the ends toward which everyone is collectively striving.Searching for synergy and focus, one may want to encourage family, teachers, parents, community members, and themselves to help develop a certain mission statement. In this way everyone can begin with the end in mind.Typically, many people are successful managers-of their own pull throughs, of their farms, of their homes, of their work or business pursuances-and it is often difficult to pop off from the tried and trustworthy management approach to the leadership function. Jesse Jackson is quoted as narrateingWe do best what we do most.It is difficult to step up to leadership issues when our comfort zone is in the management arena. Shifting the focus from the means (what we do most) to ends is treated work.We discovery it easier to debate the merits of a part icular problem-solving approach-knowing in our heart of hearts that we are not accountable for actually solving the problem-than it is to determine the vision for the bigger pictureThe most effective way I know to begin with the end in mind is to develop a personal mission statement or philosophy or creed. It focuses on what you want to be (character) and to do (contri aloneions and achievements) and on the values and principles upon which being and doing are based.In order to write a personal mission statement, we must begin at the very center of our circle of influence, that center comprised of our most basic paradigms, the lens through which we see the world. any(prenominal) is at the center of our life will be the source of our security, guidance, wisdom, wisdom, and power.Who are spry people?According to Covey people who do not have goals/end are the people who are busy and are liability for their employers. People watching them might think they are working hard but in reality they are wasting their time and the money of the company they are working for. They have the tendency of rushing things they will start things without knowing the cause and the effects. They will never plan and never look at the end. They are one of those people who will sit in the car without know where exactly they are going. These characteristics make them inefficient employees.Coveys words, the Logic Model and other tools encourage us to first think about what we want our final results to be, then to plan and carry out the go required to reach those results, whether in our teaching, our personal resilients or other situations.In teaching, think, What do I want your students to be able to do when they leave the class? rather than How many experiments can you fit into the semester? Consider How should these producers change their practices after your session? rather than How many office points can you fit into my 45 minutes? Ponder, What actions do you want these youth to take after the camp? instead of How can I keep these kids busy all day?Covey says, Begin with the end in mind is based on the principle that all things are created twice. Theres a mental or first creation, and a physical or second creation to all things. For example, when building a new home, we visualize how we want the exterior and each elbow room to look. Then we develop the blueprint and gather the materials, then actually carry out the construction. In education, we visualize what we want our l pass waterers to do (the desired outcomes), then organize what we need make this happen (the inputs), then carry out the program (the outputs).Dont confuse urgency with importanceAs you go through your week, there will undoubtedly be times when your integrity will be placed on the line. The popularity of reacting to the urgent but unimportant priorities of other people or the enjoyment of escaping to unimportant activities will threaten to overpower the important activities you have planne d. Your principle center your self-awareness, and your conscience can provide a high degree of intrinsic security, guidance, and wisdom to empower you to use your independent will and maintain integrity to the truly important.Time management has evolved beyond the basic idea of organizing and executing some priorities, the author says. Many managers are good at scheduling their time and setting goals. So why is frustration so often the end result? Why do managers regress into primitive techniques, writing themselves notes, making checklists, keeping calendars and appointment books?Its because the object of management should be you, not time. Dont confuse urgency with importance. Crisis managers who live from one problem and deadline to the next always have one wait. The only relief is in busy work-opening mail, making a few nonessential send for calls, wasting time in pleasantries. That overlooks the big middle and Covey sees his mission as sorting out what is really important fo r executives who dont have time to do so themselves.Covey has made a life study of personal paradigms and has found, among other things that we never really understand whats going on inside another human being. Were overdrawn on our Emotional Bank Account. When we try to persuade people of something, we overlook the ancient Greek art of rhetoric, which involves presenting our character and communicating our feelings before presenting the formal argument. Instead, we go straight to logic.A business organization jam-packed with effective people would really be a sight to see. The obstacles to being your own agent of change are so formidable that most people can only respect it will happen.If inspiration is the first step, this theory provides it. The evidence is now clear.A Vision for the END around all of the world-class athletes and other peak performers are visualizers. They see it they feel it they experience it before they actually do it. They Begin with an End in Mind. You can do it in every area of your life. Before a performance, a sales presentation, a difficult confrontation, or the daily challenge of meeting a goal see it clearly, vividly, relentlessly, over and over again. Create an internal comfort zone. Then, when you get into the situation, it isnt foreign, it doesnt scare you.Begin with the end in mind. (This is the Principle of Personal Leadership) Look at where you want to go. What does being successful mean to you? What is really important? All things are created twice. Leadership is the first creation. counsel is the second creation. The leader has a vision. The manager implements the vision. Management is the efficiency in climbing the ladder of success leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall. If you do not plan, things are going to evolve on their own and out of control. You need to re-script impose your vision on situations, become the first creator.You may want to develop a Big Picture vision it is y our Personal Mission Statement. In this statement, you will have to include the following values Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and Power. You need to place your centers. Some of us are spouse centered, family centered, money centered, work centered, possession centered, friend/enemy centered or religion centered. Try to find your de facto center. The ideal would be to be Principle Centered. To develop a Personal Mission Statement, you need to use your whole brain your mind and your emotions your logic and your intuitions. Then you can try writing a Mission Statement for your family, your organization.SecurityRepresents your sense of worth, your identity, your emotional anchorage, your self-esteem, your basic personal strength or lack of it.Guidancemeans your source of direction in life. Encompassed by your map, your internal frame of reference that interprets for you what is happening out there.Wisdomin your perspective on life, your sense of balance, your sagacity of how the vario us parts and principles relate to each other.Poweris the faculty or capacity to act, the strength and potency to accomplish something.Covey lists several advantages to principle-centered personal stopping point-making, which can lead to achieving the desired results. Proactively choose what it determines to be the best alternative, rather than reacting to other people or circum placements. Make choices that are in keeping with its ultimate values. savour soothing about your decisions because they are based on unchanging principles.You have to decide what your highest priorities are and have the couragepleasantly, smilingly, nonapologetically to say no to other things. And the way you do that is by having a bigger yes burning inside. The enemy of the best is often the good. Prior to any measurement one must have a target/reference, where one can find if that process has been improved or detoriated upon certain action taken. Key criteria must be established prior to any action. Al though, it would be primitive to celebrate any short-term improvement (apparent) without any action taken.What is the balance between leading and managing? It is important for us to clarify the difference between ends and means. The focus on the ends must be both individual and collective. People who choose to work at this level can begin at any point, and move out from thereWe are more in need of a vision or destination, and less in need of a map. Leaders create their own destiny by following their internal compass. They make their life a mission, not just a career.This habit refers to the fact that our behavior must not be driven at random, we must have precise objectives to achieve Buy a house or a car earn a degree in the university achieve a promotion in our job. Every time we make an important decision we must ask ourselves if this decision is approaching our goal. Begin with the End in Mind means to begin each day or task with a clear understanding of your destination, henc e making certain that whatever you do that day contributes to your ultimate goal in life.As we choose, so we becomeDo you accept full function for the choices you make? Have the choices youve made in the past taken you to where you want to go? Pretend its your ordinal birthday and all your friends and family have come to celebrate. apiece will get up in front of the group and reflect on your many accomplishments. What will they say? What do you want them to say? draw is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice it is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved. Unknown dissimilar choices take us ware different roads. To make sure that the road you choose will lead to your ultimate destination, it can help to imagine its your eightieth birthday when all of your friends and relatives have gathered on the occasion to stand before you and describe all of the magnificent accomplishments of your life.When I hear others complaining about negative things happening in their lives, I am reminded that everything we have, everything we are, is a byproduct of the choices we make. Nothing happens to us that we do not choose, whether consciously or unconsciously. Want to have a better life? Make better choices.Our health is a good example. When we complain that we feel tired, run down, overweight or stressed out, maybe we need to realize its because of the poor choices weve made. A sedentary lifestyle or one filled with too much fat, sugar, caffeine or alcohol, will not result in a healthy body. Dr. Bernie Siegel asks his patients, Why did you choose this disease? Optimum wellness is a choiceAnd what about your career? Your mama didnt tell you to become a widget repairman If you dislike your job and really want to make a contribution to society or express your true talents, heed the words of Nike and Just do it The only thing standing in the way of the job or career you desire is you. Dont just sit around waiting for things to change to your liking because chances are they never will. You must be the change agent. You must manifest what is you desire expose Lives Begin with Better ChoicesTo make better choices and live the life of our dreams, we must focus on a couple of key questions. First, will this choice bring me closer to acquirement who I am and becoming who I want to be? We often make decisions and choices too quickly without taking into consideration the long-term consequences. Every decision today creates the world we will inherit tomorrow. Or looked at another way-your life today is the sum total of all the choices you made in the past. afterwards you have identified the accomplishments that will in essence become your legacy, do what Stephen Covey says and begin with the end in mind. In other words, work backwards from where you want to end up in your lifetime and make choices today that will lead you there. Dont settle for anything lessNext, I think it is important to determine on a scale of 1 to 10, whether the choice you are about to make is your highest choice. How will you know? Your highest choice will always be the one that is void of any ego attachment and will reflect the inner direction of your soul. Normally, your highest choice will not be the first choice that comes to mind because the ego will usually override your soul and scream the loudest The ego is very clever and knows exactly how to distort what it is we really want. Whenever I find I have made a poor choice, I usually realize that my ego found a way to shut out my heart. Its as innocent as that.To quiet the ego and let your soul speak, you must be out of your mind. In other words, you must turn your mind off and let your soul, heart and feelings take over. Find some quiet time-get off by yourself-and without distraction, learn to be still. Then, move from the stillness to a meditative state. This will provide an environment in which the voice of the soul can be heard. The soul, you see, is a rather polite fellow. It w ill always remain quiet in the nominal head of more boisterous competition such as the ego. Your challenge is to find a way to get the ego to shut up just long enough for the soul to speak.During meditation, try on your various choices in the context of how you feel once you have made them. In other words, see yourself as having already made the decision. How does it feel? Do you feel lighter, happier, and full of energy? Or is there a queasy feeling in your gut? fictionalize this exercise as many times as necessary until the decision lines up with your highest values and beliefs. Oh, and that little voice youre hearing in your head bear in mind to it Its there to help you along the path.While were on the subject of meditation, please understand that setting in the lotus position with your legs wrapped around your jazz is not a requirement. Frankly, not many people can sit like that for any length of time. It may be a good way to learn to scratch your nose with your big toe but how often will that come in handy? Find a position that feels comfortable and relaxed so that you can focus your attention on shutting down the inner-chatter of your mind and finding the voice of your soul. As we choose, so we become. Dont look back at your life from your eightieth birthday and wish things had turned out differently. Learn to make better choices today that allow you to leave the legacy you desire. Turn off the noise, turn up the silence and choose to become your highest gift. A better life awaits youFrom the Decision Makers Point of determineStephen Coveys Habit 2 is Begin with the end in mind. From the Decision Theory point of view, it is essential to have a way to rank the options. If it doesnt matter what happens, then theres no reason to think about the choice. Flip a coin. Throw some sticks on the ground and look at the pattern. Tea leaves. Bird guts. still if you want to choose, you need to know what you want to accomplish. That means understanding the likel y results of each option and then choosing between options to achieve those results. To rank outcomes we need values. What is good? More money. Longer life. technical for whom? Just me? Just my family? From Pringles to Austria. So part of Deciding Better is knowing what you value.Then you can make decisions that maximize that value. And when you make inappropriate decisions- the car that impresses the neighbors, when you dont circumscribe others opinions of me as a value, you might make a different decision. Or rethink your values, understanding that what you think you value and how you act dont match. So begin with the end in mind. You arent choosing options, you are choosing between likely results. But we know that the future is uncertain. Thats where simulation and imagination help you decideFrom the Management/Business Point of ViewBe it in business, real life, religion or any other walk of life the second of the seven habits described by Stephen Covey in The Seven Habits of H ighly Effective People Begin with the end in mind answers all the questions.Pause for a minute and remember when you first thought about running for the board of education. What were you hoping would happen? What did you want to accomplish? What kind of organization were you hoping to give your time to? Simply put What end did you have in mind?Advance the tape a little. How well did you convey your hopes-your vision-your ends-to the other board members? Did your hopes converge with theirs? Did the other board members share your vision? Did the board find ways to speak with one voice as it clarified its goals and objectives?Now fast forward. You have been on the board for a few years. Newer members have join you. How have their hopes been blended into the new boards vision? If you answered the questions above, you have taken the first step toward defining the end or outcome you want for your school board. The images that describe those outcomes are the basis of a personal mission st atement that will keep you on tract as you make decisions.Covey quotes the president of an cover company who attended a Seven Habits seminar. The man understood the difference between leadership and management, and decided to withdraw from managing his company to assume a position of leadership. It was hard, give tongue to the CEO, I went through withdrawal pains because I stopped dealing with a lot of the pressing, urgent matters that were right in front of me and which gave me a sense of immediate accomplishment. I didnt receive much satisfaction as I started wrestling with the direction issues, the culture building issues, the deep analysis of problems, the seize of new opportunitiesBut I persisted. I was absolutely convinced that I needed to provide leadership. And I did. Today our whole business is differentWe have doubled our revenues and quadrupled our profitsYou need to consider yourself, your family and your community. Sit down and figure out how much you need to support your lifestyle, save for a secure retirement, put away for a college education, vacation, hobby, or fulfilling a dream, tithe your church, pay fines at Rotary or contribute to the community chest.Now, ask yourself, what return do you want from your investment in your business? If you took those same assets and made reasonable investments in CDs, bonds or stocks, how much would you make? This, as a minimum, should be your profit goal for your business.Next, realizing that your expenses dictate the end where you need to begin, add up your overhead costs from your P&L and balance sheet. Add to this figure any increases you anticipate in overhead, such as increases in rent, utilities, insurance or capital expenditures like a new vehicle.Divide the total of all your expenses, personal and business, by your historic gross profit margin, and voil, you have your sales goal for the year Well, maybe.Suppose that this sales goal is more than you want or can do because of such limiting factors as a shortage of qualified labor, a slowing economy or a commitment to your own sanity. Now, you have a choice Modify the end you have in mind or think about how you can increase your gross profitBy beginning with the end in mind, you are more likely to have a business that works for you. You can monitor your progress throughout the year to make sure you end up where you want to end up. By beginning with the end in mind, you can eliminate the nagging doubts about how much work to take or not. Instead, you know you are on a path that will meet your needs. You can have a whole new way of feel at your business and look forward to a successful year that is taking you where you want to go.Life is uncertain. Revolutionary entrepreneurs leap through conventions into the unknown. The future is waiting to be discovered. That discovery reveals itself in each moment. Our challenge is simple to focus on what needs to be do now and trust that our next steps are enough.Taking a Religious Glanc eEach of us should Begin with the End in Mind. We will one day stand before God. How does that affect where you are right now? How does that affect the direction that you are walking? It should give clarity of purpose to your walk for the end. It should motivate, encourage and direct. The reason that people wander aimlessly in life, many times away from God, is that they have never thought to Begin with the End in Mind. You can only know how to live if you first know where you are going.When we were born Muslims we probably began with the spiritual end in mind when we completed our need for salvation and obeyed the Lords command to be baptized for the remission of our sins. We wanted to be sure that we pointed our spirits toward heaven. As we colonized into living the Muslim life, however, we tended to lose sight of the end for which we were striving and settled into a comfortable accommodation with the world around us. We didnt want to be preachy and we didnt want to make waves ab out the spiritual condition or positive status of other religious people. We didnt comment unfavorably about how the world violates Gods will by its crime, delinquency and harmful habits. We became just so easy to live or work with.Prophet Mohammad said,Inamal amalu bil niatThis means your acts are depended on your goals/niats. Covey said Begin with the End in Mind, the same thing which Prophet Mohammad said years ago. Or as another hadees proves that whatever we do today in this world its ajur will be given to us when this world comes to an end i.e.Dunya Aakhirat Kee Khaitee HaiThe comfort of Christianity may be deceiving though, because it goes against the experience of early Christians who found their lives to be somewhat of a struggle, Peter writes to Christians dispersed throughout the Mediterranean world and says that they Have been distressed by various trials (1Peter 16). James says, Count it all joy, my brethren, when you encounter various trials, knowing that the testing of your faith produces endurance, and let endurance have its perfect result, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing (James 13,4)Some of us who began with the end in mind may fall prey to an even more ominous danger posed by Deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons, the hypocrisy of liars seared in their own conscience as with a branding iron, men who forbid marriage and advocate abstaining from foods (1 Timothy 41-3). Its easy to fall prey to people who strive to generate in us a desire for a new or novel approach to religion by decrying what they imply is a staid and stolid stance on Scripture as doctrine. They try to create in us the feeling that we are not as spiritual as they are because we importune on going by the Bible only at all times.Our struggle is going to be against arguments for preaching what is politically correct in the sense that it satisfies what the pollsters determine is what people want. Find out what people want, and give them that is the im plied message of much that the change agents want to foist on the church. Our cry should be patronize me according to Thy word, that I may live and do not let me be ashamed of my hope (Psalm 119 116) we began with the end in mind be deliver and go to heaven. The devil is trying by every means to discourage us from keeping the end in mind. He is trying now to get the human kind to drop the Bible as their guide (Its propositional truth, he says) and listen to messages which are more comforting to all. He wants a trouble impeccant religion for all, with no challenges, no stress, no trials, no temptations but that will not lead to the end we had in mind at the beginning of our life.But they will have to give account to him who is ready to judge the living and the dead. For this is the reason the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged according to men in regard to the body, but live according to God in regard to the spirit. The end of all th ings is near. Therefore be clear minded and self- controlled so that you can pray. I Peter 45-7My Point of ViewAs I watched David Beckham making his final winning shot, I realized that football game provides some great analogies for life. Hundreds of moves and plays are required to reach the goal, yet it is impossible to plan each play before the game begins. The players can see the goal to win the game and they can predict what the next few plays will be, but they cant figure out the exact moves they will make by just standing on the sideline. They must take action and continuously look for their next few moves as they keep the goal in mind. They stay focused by remaining aware of where they are and what options are available to them. This sharp focus makes it possible to seize opportunities as they arise and ultimately win the gameDuring the game I overheard a friend ask, Why is he running backwards with the ball? Isnt the goal the other direction? My friend explained that the football player hoped to gain yards by running backwards, because he was creating space so he could throw a long pass. Thats bigger picture thinkingHow often do we plow forward with our next move without thinking about the bigger picture? Take a few minutes to jot down your response to these questions What are my most important goals or dreams for the coming year? What would it look and feel like if I were already there? How can I accomplish this with the greatest ease?Look through your wide-angle lens for the opportunities you may have previously missed. Be aware of where you are on your trip and what your next few moves will be. Then take actionStephen Coveys second habit (Begin with the end in mind) will help you to move from dependence to independence. shillyshally I know it well. From taxes to yard work to filing papersyou name it, Im the expert procrastinator. I can put off doing anything, with style and ease. I wedge for college registration at the last minute without break ing a sweat. Am I proud of this? Well, admittedly, sometimes yes. I pat myself on the back and say I have the amazing ability to get things done at the last minute.Do I usually end up regretting my procrastination? Almost always. So Ive had to learn ways to get things done now, on time. Im still learning and always will be. shillyshally is a persistent thiefProcrastination is an expensive way to spend your life. Waiting until the last minute can even cost you your life. And when you spend your life mired in defering, you dont truly live. You are perpetually putting off living.There are numerous causes and explanations for procrastination, including, but not limited to Fear of success Fear of the unknown Lack of interest or motivation Lack of information Too much information Indecision Not knowing where to start Too busy LazinessI believe procrastination is one thing, which can be overcome by having an ulterior motive in life. In other words, get a clear vision in your mind (and on paper) of what you want, and where you want to be. This may seem contradictory to what I said about not worrying about tomorrow, but these two principles work hand-in-hand. By knowing clearly what you want to achieve, you can relax in the day-to-day details of accomplishing your goal.Secondly, being productive also means begin with the end in mind. Even for a simple meeting held to be successful one has to keep the end results derived from it in mind. Before you induce your meeting, you should know what youre trying to accomplish in the meeting and how you will know when youve actually achieved what you set out to achieve. In Simply Brilliant, Fergus OConnell recounts the tale of a friend who writes down the minutes of the meeting before she actually holds the meeting. Heres how I will know when the meeting has achieved it objectives, says OConnells friend.Winners understand that success comes from a series of small steps that keep in mind their ultimate destination. We may have a dream and not know how or where to begin. If we map out how we will feel, think and act when we reach our goal, then Its time to begin building an internal kinesthetic sense of success. Each step reveals the next step. A series of steps, done with excellence and discernment, will lead us to our destination.ConclusionLets go back to the futureImagine yourself reflecting on your life ten years from now. As you reflect, what is it you wish you had said or done? What vision is it that you wish you had been able-or willing-to articulate? Take some good advice from Stephen Covey as you step up to the challenge of giving your life a meaning-you will make the best contribution if you begin with the end in mind.In summary, create and live by a personal mission statement. This may lead onto more specific goals and objectives, but the idea is that you try to live as the sort of person youd like to be remembered for when youve passed on.What lies foot us and what liesbefore us are tiny matters comparedto what lies within us.-Oliver Wendall HolmesBibliography Seven Habits Of Effective People by Stephen Covey Internet (Web Search from Altavista.com and Askjeeves.com) Critical compendium written by Michael Gray Critical Analysis by Gary VancilCollege of Business ManagementBegin With The End In Mind Page 1

John Lewis

Good day, everyone. Since youve just heard about the plus side, let us presently talk about the weakness. Some whitethorn find the first a couple of(prenominal) familiar but Ill mention them again anyway. * Firstly, in 2008, a grunge over expenses claimed by Members of Parliament revealed that conju dimensionn Lewis worths were being used as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pieds a terre at a public expense. * Secondly, last year, pre-tax profits fell 3. 8%, to ? 354 million. * Thirdly, the very wet summer in 2012 has affected profits of businesses including retail and the cordial reception industry. Besides that, there are a number more that weve wield to look up such as how * John Lewis performance slipped over the 2010 Christmas period. maculation all retailers practically underperformed during this time, John Lewis was the most exposed.At the time of writing, the share price was 361p with the 52-week low of 367p and high of 759p, which m eans that John Lewis M&S had scattered more than 50% of its value during the year (Sunday Times, 2011). * Similarly, the price/ allowance ratio of 9. is very low as compared to that of its competitors i. e. Mark and Spenser. The price/earnings ratio is the key indicator of investor assurance in a go with (Arnold, 2002). * Next, John Lewis has recently started cutting prices to match up the ever increasing competition. This may devalue the brand (The Economist, 2012). * Lastly, The company has been recently criticized for fuelling accusations of poor managerial incompetence, embodied governance and lack of transparency infuriating many large investors (Nugent and Hawkes, 2012). * Thank you.John LewisGood day, everyone. Since youve just heard about the plus side, let us now talk about the weakness. Some may find the first few familiar but Ill mention them again anyway. * Firstly, in 2008, a scandal over expenses claimed by Members of Parliament revealed that John Lewis prices wer e being used as a guide to the maximum costs refundable to MPs when equipping London pieds a terre at a public expense. * Secondly, last year, pre-tax profits fell 3. 8%, to ? 354 million. * Thirdly, the very wet summer in 2012 has affected profits of businesses including retail and the hospitality industry. Besides that, there are a number more that weve manage to look up such as how * John Lewis performance slipped over the 2010 Christmas period. While all retailers practically underperformed during this time, John Lewis was the most exposed.At the time of writing, the share price was 361p with the 52-week low of 367p and high of 759p, which means that John Lewis M&S had lost more than 50% of its value during the year (Sunday Times, 2011). * Similarly, the price/earnings ratio of 9. is very low as compared to that of its competitors i. e. Mark and Spenser. The price/earnings ratio is the key indicator of investor assurance in a company (Arnold, 2002). * Next, John Lewis has rec ently started cutting prices to match up the ever increasing competition. This may devalue the brand (The Economist, 2012). * Lastly, The company has been recently criticized for fuelling accusations of poor managerial incompetence, corporate governance and lack of transparency infuriating many large investors (Nugent and Hawkes, 2012). * Thank you.

Introduction to Geography-Montessori

Introduction to Geography The world is doctorting sm all tolder, we now live in a global village due to our enlarged technical skills. It is today as easy to fly from eg. Dublin to Rome as it was to travel from Dublin to bobfloat 150 years ago, Not to mention flights to the moon & back. Geography has turned out to be the study of man in space. Between mass media and common travel the shaver is bombarded with impressions about the planet he lives on. In todays world the child hears random words, call of countries with upheavels and wars & they get scared.They really take to know where they are, even on a larger scale. It is better to understand that a lot of things happen far away and not in my neighbourhood. This go forth stage them some sense of security. Geography is a science of earth annd its life- it includes a description of land, weewee and air. The roots of word geography are Hellenic and it means description of the earth. When we talk about geography with 3-6 year s it means planting some seeds of interest and it is not meant that we should teach so why do we have it? A child has his human tendencies for orientation exploration and couch.We also give child name, which responds to the childs human tendencies for communication and sensitive achievement for language. However, the other sensitive periods also play a part and to top it all off the child also has an absorbent mind. Geography is presented as an reference book of the language programme in our rooms, because it contains aural written 7 read parts. Maria Montessori called her small geography set-up an introduction to the world. It has an holistic approach, deducting with the full-page and ending in details (start with the globe, then continentseventually to the place where they live).The purpose with geography is 2 fold. First you must provide the child with activities, which help him to order impressions and information. Secondly in elementary you must introduce the child to his place in the cosmos(Universe). This will ultimately end in the study of ecology. As in all fields within extended language section the world could be roughly divided into three parts. 1. One dealing with applicatory life, i. e pouring with land and water forms 2. The sensorial keys- the sandpaper globe and colour globe, continent map, map of Europe, map of Asia, America, Africa Ireland. 3. Language in its various stages i. e names of land and water forms, names of continents and oceans, geography folders- furnishing pictures from countries and people therein- oral, written and read language. As a practical life exercise the contrastive land and water forms are presented as a pouring exercise. The models are made out of clay and put on small baking trays. The child will get a sensorial impression of what these water/land forms really are. by and by the child will have picture cards/classified cards, which will show them the same thing, a lake/an island etc. there are six pairs)an d even later they will return as language extensions- first with the pictures only in he pre-reading stage and then with the naming and reading in the classified reading stage and even later in reading practice with the comment stages. The materials are 1. The globes the child of ? years experiences a peak in his visual sensitivity to form. Globes help him to form his impressions of the world and he can see it. We start out with a small globe with rough and smooth areas. This offers the child and opportunity to a. Grasp roughly what shape his planet is and . Sensorially explore by wretched the land and water distribution on the surface of the planet The land is rough and water is smooth. Phrases like as the world turns will take on a new meaning for the child. This globe is followed by the coloured globe. It is similar in size and shape to the first globe but here the different continents are coloured in various colours- here we give the language of continent & ocean. 2. Puzzle ma ps The child will get to know their world. The eastern and Hesperian hemisphere allows the child to see the whole world at once, but flattened.The puzzle activity enhances the sensory perception of the continents-initially purely sensorial but when the child himself begins to ask for names they are given by a 3-period lesson. Maps of each continent is then given-they show the political partitions of the continents into countries. We always begin with the childs own continent and then proceed by following the child, usually doing one hemisphere at a time. To be mentioned is that the knobs of the puzzle maps are situated where one finds the capital of each country- this is an indirect preparation for later work.The knobs also serve as an indirect preparation for writing, as with the geometrical forms earlier. 3. Naming At the sensorial level names are given after the forms of the puzzles are learned. However its not uncommon for the child in Montessori schools to know the names of a ll the countries and counties of the childs own country/continent. At a later stage the child can also do a unified activity with flags ,and later (at reading stage) maps are provided with the names of the countries and capitals (pin maps).There should always be a stand with flags from the countries of the childrens own continent. They are there to give the children an idea of nations that stand for units. There are many countries in the world with many different people, but were all made from the same material. This is potently brought forth in the picture folders weve made, which should be part of any Montessori environment. They should be colour coded, following the colours of the colour globe- with three in total for every globe. The first set shows general pictures of the continentsThe second set shows people, products, places and plants The third set is more culturally inclined-with architecture, foods, art, and transportation etc. The prepared environment should provide al l these things mentioned and also books and stories about people of the world-to help and give the children keys to the world of geography. All the materials should be kept in a picky segment of the room, on special shelves-be aware of not overloading. It is important too that the directress should make a bully rapport between the child and the material.This can partly be achieved through practical life activities, which put children into practical contact with children, e. g. how to pour land and water forms, how to dry, dusting globes, dusting maps, how to carry the globes, how to take out the puzzle maps, how to put it back and how to carry them. Later the child will learn how to put pins into the pin maps and you will show the child how to hold the flag in ones hand and carefully put it in the country where it should be and later introduce the names and main cities.You should also, in the environment, have a little box with drawers for the child at reading stage. From this th ey can take out names of continents and countries etc. and label them on the puzzle maps. There should also be a good atlas and if possible a large ordinary globe too. Artwork in geography could consist of making flags-using the rectangular inset of surface insets as a base for the flag( at this stage the child will be 4 4 ? years). The children can also draw outlines of the continents on the paper for the metal insets and colour them in, making a booklet of the continents.

HR manager interview Essay

1- What made you choose HR to be your career? resolving power I work well with people and I have great communication and organizational skills. I like to be treated as a valuable person that 2- Tell me about your callers culture. Answer The culture of the company is diverse as it is an equal employment opportunity employer. 3- What, according to you, are the qualities that an HR executive/manager must have? Answer An HR executive must have leadership skills, excellent communication skills, good writing skills, and strong organizational skills.4- What does your hiring process imagine like? Answer We have a recruiting specialist that publishes job postings on duple online sources, including various university websites, LinkedIn, Monster, etc. The recruiting specialist selects qualified applicants who are then called for an sign screening over the phone. The information from the phone screening is discussed with the manager. If the applicant possesses all the desired qualities, th ey are then called back for a face-to-face interview.The hiring committee consists of multiple individuals that vary based on the position (these individuals can include the benefits specialist, rearing specialist, HR business partner, etc). Each member interviews the applicant individually. The applicant is asked a serial of questions. After the interview, the members of the hiring committee meet to discuss the applicant and make a final selection. 5- Do you have an HR system? If yes, what is it? Is it effective? Answer We usance a software system called Ceridian that tracks all employees, both active and terminated.Terminated employees are kept in the system for legality purposes. The system withal tracks power takeoff hours, benefits, paychecks, etc. Employees can find all this information there. We also use a Learning Management System (LMS) called Saba. This is a training database that stores all the training the employees have completed. 6- Does your company do exit review s? If yes, how do utilize the information? Answer We do exit reviews in an effort to understand why the employee left. It is also an opportunity to transfer knowledge and experience before the employee leaves.7- What type of performance assessment system do you use in your organization? Is it effective? Answer 8- What methods do you use to ensure diversity within your organization? Answer When we hire an employee, we use a targeted selection to collect job-related behavior. 9- What BDs (Business Developments) do you use to fetch your staff? Is it effective? Answer 10- How does pay/salary background helps with deciding the salary for a new applicant? Answer Thank you for your time and efforts

Development of the Renaissance Centralized Church Plan Essay

Analyze the development of the centralise church plan in rebirth architecture (15th and 16th centuries). In your examples, include an analysis of meaning and signism.During the Renaissance period, cutting concentrate church plans developed as a result of a more scientific approach to nature. The idea of precise proportions and measurement emerged through Vitruvius theory regarding human anatomy. Vitruvius described how human torso, with extended arms and legs, fits perfectly into the more or less basic geometric shapes circle and lame. This concept triggered the minds of artists during the Renaissance to take on a new approach for church plans (Honour and Fleming 444-445). However, it is not until the fifteenth century that the centralized plan was regarded as a divine expression when Alberti discussed scientific method of maintaining Gods image through numerical approach in De Re Aedificatoria, a treatise containing the first full program of the ideal Renaissance church (Ta vernor 30).From Albertis perspective, a centralized plan should reveal Gods symbol while keeping pure forms of absolute mathematics in the structure, therefore the Greek-Cross figure is favored (Heydenreich 36). His theory enticed many others to realize the importance of the Greek-Cross planning method, and this is reflected in works such as S. Sebastiano, maria Della Carceri and St. light beams. Thus, the Greek-Cross centralized church plan was developed, that became the divine figure for Renaissance architecture.The development of Greek-Cross plan is derived from Albertis suppositious demands based on Vitruvius basic principles of accuracy and proportions. In the early sixteenth century, Vitruvius began answering minds regarding how a makes proportion is constructed through human anatomy (Wittkower 22). Such question is further raised through Vitruvian figures drawn within a squ ar and circle became a symbol of the mathematical tellingship between man and beau ideal through geometry (Wittkower 25). Alberti, who suggested that to obtain architectural perfection, one must follow the basic laws of consent and proportions, expanded on these early ideas. In his treatise, he had defined the laws of symmetry and proportion through the physical characteristics of the human body (Tavernor 40).There, he combined a square and circle to generate the image of the geometrical shapes in relation to human anatomy, identical to Leonard Da Vincis drawing of a man with outstretched limbs located within a circle and square (figure 1). Albertis pattern was to clarify the ideal architectural beauty for others during the time, through accuracy and precision (Tavernor 40). The Greek Cross central plan is developed through three transformations from the square, square plus one-half, square plus one third, and the square doubled (Murray 58).If these square ratios are applied to architectural plans, more complex figures can be produced afterwards the centralized Greek Cross plan was developed and was a visible expression of the Divine Proportion. (Smith) Albertis obsession over geometrical perfection complicated applying his theory within the interior structure as well. For example, the height of the w tout ensemble up to the vaulting in round churches should be one-half, two thirds of three billet of the diameter of the plan. These proportions of one to two, two to three, and three to four conform to Albertis law of harmony, written in his treatise (Murray 58 58).It was Alberti who expressed the theory of beauty in his writing, which became so influential for the High Renaissance. He defined beauty, harmony and concord of all the parts, so that nothing could be added or subtracted except for the worse (Smith). From Albertis explanation, the symbolism of the Greek Cross is regarded as a splendid and natural figure, representing every aspect of God due to the precise measurements on all sides of the shape. Therefore, Alberti argued lulu will result f rom the beautiful form and from the correspondence of the whole to the parts, of the parts amongst themselves, and of these again to the whole so that the structures may appear an entire and complete body (WIttkower 31). He believed to thoroughly appreciate Renaissance architecture, one should understand architecture is not based on theories of function but rather stead it as mathematical theory of proportion (Smith).Another significance from the Greek Cross central plan is signifying the development of Renaissance architecture. For Alberti and architects of the Renaissance, the emphasis on classicism is ideal, which challenges a different approach from the previous. Pursuing mathematical order and simplicity of pure whites have replaced the papist gothic style churches (Heydenreich 27). Also, the prominence of classical features is more desirable for Albertis theory of proportion so that all sizes and shapes are defined. A clear example of Renaissance classicism is S. Sebastiano , where Alberti used Greek-Cross plan that shows almost all of his own theoretical requirements as well as several classical elements in the architectural design (figure 4) (Murray 59).Albertis argument for incorporating classicism, a high escape of steps and pilasters at the temple front is best supported by architect Palladios correspondence with Albertis ideas buildings in which the supreme Being is invokved and love should stand in the most noble part of the city, raised above the rest of the citythey ought to be built so that nothing more beautiful could be imagined and those who enter should be transported into a kind of ecstacy in admiring their grace and beauty. Buildings dedicated to the omnipotent God should be strong and everlasting (Wittkower 31) This idea of uprise above is coherent to Leonardo Da Vincis principle, which he adhered to in all his designs (Wittkower 26). S. Sebastiano exemplifies the meticulous image of Renaissance beauty, and developing architectural style beyond the Roman gothic style (Smith).Another example of a building resembling absolute proportion is St. Maria Della Carceri, designed by architect Giuliano Da Sangallo. by and by Albertis treatise on architecture was published in 1485, the centrally planned church became popular. Many architects during the Renaissance conformed to his law of harmony. Within the same year, the church of St. Maria Delle Carceri was the first Greek-Cross structure built. The entire interior and exterior description of Giuliano da Sangallos church complies with Albertis theoretical demands, demonstrating the push Alberti made through his result (Wittkower 31).The plan for St. Maria Delle Carceri is based on the two elementary figures of square and circle, where the depth of the arms is half their length and the four end walls of the cross are as long as they are high, therefore forming a perfect square (figure 2). The structure contains desirable emblematic feature by integrating a dome in t he center. It appeals more to Christianity to represents closure towards heaven or Gods presence. The grand church is viewed as a majestic simplicity, the undisturbed impact of its geometry, the purity of its whiteness are designed to evoke in the congregation a consciousness of the presence of God of a God who has ordered the being according to immutable mathematical laws, who has created a uniform and beautifully proportioned world, the consonance and harmony of which is mirrored in His temple below. (Wittkower 31)Donato Bramante was another architect who responded to historians theory concerning centralized plan. His designs are similar to Leonardo Da Vincis drawings on centralized plan, where he sketched numerous centrally planned forms and illustrates complex geometrical forms from the first simple shape (figure 5). Da Vincis intentions were interpreting Vitruvius explanation more accurately through visual art (figure 1) (Wittkower 25). The importance of these drawings reflec ts Da Vincis conscious theoretical speculations for which a new technique of representation is produced (Wittkower 25). Although Da Vinci did not build anything, through his illustrations, Bramente was profoundly influenced that affected the sixteenth century approach. It is apparent that those drawings allowed Bramante to comprehended the versatile of geometrical shapes, influencing architecture (figure 4) (Honour and Fleming 444-445).There is even evidence to believe that Bramantes early design for St. Peters was much influenced by Leonardos drawings of centrally planned structures. (Honour and Fleming 444-445) When Bramante was appointed to redesign the Saint Peters at the beginning of the sixteenth century, he envisioned the new it as a grander version of his previous architectural design a central, Greek cross plan building.The design must continue the ancient Roman tradition of domed temples, therefore St. Peters is crowned by an enormous dome. Bramante, like others before hi m, combined the symbol of the Greek cross with the symbolic values of centralized geometry. (Wittkower 34). Bramante submitted his Greek cross design on a large scale, which reflects Albertis humanist-Christian idea in pure form. In Renaissance thinking, Bramantes St. Peters central plan and dome also symbolized the perfection of God (Honour and Fleming 444-445). Certainly, so overwhelming was Bramantes design that none of his successors could divert his influence (Honour and Fleming 444-445).The impact of the Greek cross was enormous for the development of Renaissance centralized plan. The geometrical figure is a result of Albertis in depth mathematical approach of viewing nature (Tavonor 42). Many Renaissance architects utilized the Greek Cross plan due to Alberti and other historians theory regarding obtaining architectural beauty. For them, comparing building structures to human anatomy proportion was essential in defining what is ideal. More importantly, the Greek cross symboli zes divinity. Vitruvius also discussed the relationship between the human body and geometry, which is life-or-death for the creation of the Greek cross (Wittkower 25). Such explanation expanded by Alberti influenced the formation in several significant churches, such as the Maria Della Carceri, St. Peters design and S. Sebastiano. Architects who designed these churches corresponded with Albertis argument, therefore demonstrating the wide acceptance of the Greek Cross.MLA CitationsHeydenreich, L. Architecture in Italy, 1400-1500. rev. ed., New Haven, 1996.Honour and Fleming, The Visual Arts a History, 4th ed, 1995, 444-445.http//www.phs.poteau.k12.ok.us/williame/APAH/readings/Bramantes%20Tempietto,%20St%20Peters,%20Michelangelo.pdfMurray, P. The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance. London, 1963.Smith, Bernard. University of Melbourne. University of Melbourne. Print. http//shaps.unimelb.edu.au/public-resources/database-resources/bernardsmith/lectures/BSmith-HighRenaissance.pdf.Ta vernor, R. On Alberti and the Art of Building. New Haven, 1998.Wittkower, R. Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism. 3rd ed., London, 1962.FiguresFigure 1 Da Vincis human anatomy drawing http//www.centopietrevenice.typepad.com/ca_centopietre_bed_and_br/2009/11/leonardothe-vitruvian-man-between-art-and-science-accademia-galleries.htmlFigure 2 S. Maria Della Carceri centralized plan by Giuliano Da SanglioFigure 3 S. Sebastiano front viewhttp//architecturetraveljournal.blogspot.ca/2008/02/san-sebastiano-mantua.htmlFigure 4 S. Sebastiano centralized planhttp//www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/14-italian-renaissance-ii-/deck/2633566Figure 5 Leonardo Da Vincis drawing on centralized planhttp//www.art.com/products/p12016104-sa-i1452778/leonardo-da-vinci-sketch-of-a-square-church-with-central-dome-and-minaret.htmFigure 6 Bramantes St. Peters designhttp//mexichino-jr.blogspot.ca/2011/06/bramantes-st-peters-rome.html

Causes of current recession Essay

The the Statess delivery has been booming, all along before the time out, some(prenominal) questioned has been elevated by the experts some even suggesting that, free market shopping center as well as free ventures might take the cores wherever the law had negative implications. The recession was first visualized when, the sub-leading mortgagees went ahead to evade on their payments since either they had no enough cash most likely for the reason that the interest rank went up or else they were at a risk of begin given a loan to start condescension with otherwise they choose a dread loan whose rate was not fixed (Rigby 3).Each economist suppose that recessions are economic issues that cannot be evaded, they can only be managed to control at that place level of occurrences (Baveja et al 1). This is because, at that place are goals of high increment in a healthy economy as well as slow growth and some times no growth. The truth is that, some contracting and expanding has t o occur for the economy to be healthy. However, for an economy to be considered in a recession the period for contracting is required to last for at least for two quarters consecutively in a year or a half a year. It is difficult for many lot to predict the possibility of occurrence of the next recession.The exact causes of economic recession tend to be a mystery to many people further there are a number of mysteries that give information concerning the causes of economic recession. Some people tend to think that recession is brought by events that are deemed to have a great economic impact in the economy. Some of these events would involve the increase in interest rates or a decline in the confidence of a consumer. Generally, recession is primarily seen to occur due to the actions that are taken when controlling the supply of money in the economy (Stephen et al 3).The higher up believe comes with different views from different people, for example, many economists in the United S tates have believed that economic recession is caused by national capture. This is because it is the responsibility of the federal Reserve to take charge in maintaining an ideal balance between money supply, interest rates and swelling in the United States. Rigby (3) advocates that failure of the Federal Reserve to maintain balance in the above areas it will result to the economy losing control.This is a case that has happened recently in the year 2007. During this year, the Federal Reserve Monetary policy that was used to bring in large amounts of money supply into the market, kept the interest rates below the expected rates but the rising of inflation continued to rise drastically. This problem came together with easy methods of borrow money that could lead to the crisis of the economy until last year.Most of the economists have believed that America is already in recession and others that the verdant is heading towards a recession. However, people believe that each recessio n has its own cause while others believe that recession has only based on one ground. For example, bad investments by business are a single cause of recession in the country. In addition, recessions and depressions much(prenominal) as that of the great Depression are said to be caused by stock market crashes. A sharp increase in oil prices or even going to war are factors that inhibit short term growth in the economy (Harmesh et al 16).It is evident that globalization has changed the nature of business cycle. However, regardless of which theory one would believe in there is no definite answers to the causes of a recession. there is little evidence that recession is brought up by a number of factors. This means that there are many events that take place that result to recession. An example for numerous factor theories is the recession that had taken place after the prices of oil increased dramatically in the 1970s (Stephen et al 3).This helps in setting off a recession since the pr ices set off a big economy decline in oil demand. This was because really income had been reduced due to higher costs of the imports of oil. In addition, there was more tight monetary policy that dampened the inflationary pressures which came after the increase of prices. These factors brought defeat the overall demand that in turn direct to a recession.Currently, in America, banks are scared of freehanded loans to customers. The reason for this is that, the banks are terrified that giving out loans will lead to loosing the money and defaulting if loans. There is the existence of credit crunch that has caused money to be real tight and this is making many banks such as the Lehman brothers to go bankrupt. Another bank known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were bailout for the purpose of keeping it from standing bottom. This has led to the current loss of money by the stock market because of the major credit crunch that is making investors nervous that a major recession is on the commission. A recession is considered to be the goods and services that are down from the previous two quarters or more (Baveja et al 1).The recession being experience in America has to the number of taxpayers buying out all the dead mortgages to approximate 700 billion. This is a sign that the banks will start once more change money freely to people. However, currently loans are still given out although at a much higher rate. According to Rigby (6) in entrap to constrain more money available and flow freely, central banks across the whole world are cutting the rates if giving loans.To add on this, the effect of crisis in many industries is great due to the consideration of banks as the major capitalist society. This leads to difficult to loan money since it becomes increasingly tight in the borrowing market. Hence less homes are bought as well as cars and even small businesses are affected in the sense that they cannot do payroll. Small businesses knock off a lot of time in ta king temporary small loans until they are paid for the product or service.In early 2000, there existed a deregulation that caught up greedy banks and the ways in which they were handling out credit and loans to people who cannot afford them hence leading to fiscal meltdown. The rise of inflation rates that creped very fast led to difficulties for people in paying back loans and credit hence creating a slow meltdown effect. America is considered to be the largest worlds economy and its economy has been seen to be weak and its drifting as a result of a collapse of the housing market. There is also the problem of sub prime mortgage turmoil, a severe credit crunch, high oil prices and the deep devaluation of the dollar (Baveja et al 1).Possible solutions in eradicating economic recessionPeople can be disappointed in the fact that there is no cure for economic recession. However, some people present that fiscal and monetary stimulus should shorten the downturn but patience is needed for it to happen. There is need for changing the legal framework governing the various aspects of economy. It is important for people in the country to be well versed with corporation and banking as well as economics to enhance education among people affected by the results of recession. Learning on the above areas makes people more educated, smart and qualified to deal with economic recession (Stephen et al 3).Recently during the Obama week, there was the introduction of the rescue gains team. In this team there are seven people known as the fixers who are in charge of rescuing the economy. In order to rescue, the teams takes into consideration various issues. During the tenth week of Obama administration, the treasury secretary Tim Geithner unveiled the next phase of the bank bailout (Baveja et al 1).A plan for overhauling regulation of the financial system was outlined by the government. The administration effort is determined to produce economic conditions that are stable. This ha s helped in improving the sentiment on Wall avenue where stocks posted gains for the week.In Capitol Hill, the committees involved in the house and the senate largely supported the Obama plan for 2010 with positive caution. It has been a long debate in the American country to take issues concerning the solution to economic recession. The administration is also concerned with the prevention of future meltdowns through increasing the supervision of the financial markets and prevention of companies from growing also big posing the possibility of failing. The need for investing highly in health care, education and energy was also one of the long term agendas mentioned by the president for the purpose of fighting economic recession in the countryThe issue of drawing a budget proposal that cannot be separated from the broader themes of economic recovery and future growth was addressed. This budget is referred as laying foundation for a secure and lasting prosperity for economy.My opinio n on the best way of dealing with economic recessionThere is need for changing the legal framework governing the various aspects of economy. It is important for people in the country to be well versed with corporation and banking as well as economics to enhance education among people affected by the results of recession. Learning on the above areas makes people more educated, smart and qualified to deal with economic recession (Harmesh et al 16).Work cited.Baveja Sign Sarabijr, Ellis Steve, Rigby K. Darrell, Taking advantage in a down turn, 2002, 1.Havard management update, leadership & managing, 2001, 8-12.Hamermesh G. Richard, & Dann B. Jeremy, STT Aerospace, 1998, 10-20.Stephen C. Michael, Pearce A. John, strategies to prevent economic recessions from causing business failure, 2006, 1-9.Rigby K. Darrell, Moving upward in a down turn, strategy and execution, 2001, 1-8.

The Inhabited Woman

The novel, classified as a semi-biographical single, is the authors first bestselling novel. It nates be con rampred as a contemporary classic. In fact, Randall (2004) reiterated, The Inhabited cleaning lady grabs us from two unexpected directions its consciousness of the centrality of adult female in scrape, and its retrieval of the cycles of birth and rebirth which are such an important part of indigenous cosmogony (Forward, p. 6). On the one hand, through bring out the novel, Lavinia (one of the main characters) struggles with universe a business-minded woman in an architectural industry composed primary of hands.The plight a womans struggle first took shape in Chapter One when a battle was referred to as the roots of a tree of which the writer entered into through its circulatory system (Belli, 2004, p. 7). As with any circulatory system, there must be a constant prodigal flow that helps all the parts function properly. If the blood flow is interrupted, then problems begi n to arise. Thus, the other hand, the roots of the tree must be healed in order to make the system work. Hence, the writer refers to metre spent in Europe (Bologna) as a place where Lavinias artistic nature was tame.However, she had left that place to call for opportunities to showcase her innovative side (Belli, 2004). The parallelism between the protagonist, Lavinia, and the author is striking and obvious. Both women are well-educated members of the upper class who were raised in a world of political turmoil. Significantly, they have a choice of not paying attention to the glass ceiling that these authorities entail or allowing it to be their ruin. Both women choose a demeanor far from the one of limited opportunities and poverty.Instead, the women pursue a career of luxury, education, and continuous learning. In order to acquire a true reflection of how Gioconda and Lavinia were alike, their lives must be examined. Gioconda lived a comfortable, protected and provide life. S he was educated in the best of schools as well as given a sheltered life away from bullets and bombs. Gioconda was to a fault loved and nurtured by her parents. Later on, Gioconda joined the Sandinista movement. Sadly, this took her away from luxurious living and chargetually forced her to be exiled in Mexico in 1975 (Wikipedia, 2008).Lavinia, similar to Gioconda, lived a sheltered life until she joined the revolution and fell in love with a war hero. Over the years, countries around the world have been in constant struggle to gain a free government a democratic government free from dictators and tyrants. Many books have been written about this topic. Few books have concentrate on the authors feminist struggle for freedom and democracy, and in the process, a struggle for self identity and self worth. As Lavinias journey through a life of opportunities begins, she goes to a job interview.It is a typical interview symbolic of a males ego and testosterone. Julian sees Lavinia as a wo man that can explain architecture blueprints in simple terms but as a sex symbol, all the same (Belli, 2004, pp. 13-17). Lavinias goal was to prove she had a great deal of knowledge of architecture and could succeed on her testify merits. Thus, although she thought of men and sex throughout the book, Lavinia predetermine that marriage, for her, would be placing limitations on ones selfunless, of course, the right man came along (Belli, 2004, p.22). Nevertheless, the fact remains that the novel was full of sexual context. One subject is an office romance that was present in the early stages of the book. A man and a woman were having sex openly, as if they were wild animals. Belli (2004) wrote, I know provided that they make love to each other like healthy animals, without garments or inhabitants. That is how our people loved before the strange god of the Spaniards forbade them the pleasures of loving (p. 41).Despite being proscribe of this fruit by a god, as in the holy bible w hen Adam and Eve were forbidden of eating from the tree of good and evil by the Lord (Genesis, King James Version), one can say that Lavinias people had disobeyed a god. As a result of this disobedience, (Adam and Eve) they were forced to go forrader out of their comfort zone and learn how to live on their own (Genesis, KJV). Thus, entirely as Adam and Eve had to learn (as children do from their parents), so were galore(postnominal) lessons taught in the novel.In one incidence, while Lavinia was watching one of her sex partners named Felipe sleep peacefully, she referred to him as a child (Belli, 2004, p. 42). This is important because Lavinia thought of her seeds as the seeds of oranges that are capable of falling on good soil and bearing fruit (children). She also considered the Earth as an orange because it is round and flat. Yet, symbolism use to compare child bearing to orange trees blossoming is of extreme value because Lavinia mentioned Ute, the woman who taught Felipe to love.In fact, Lavinia indicated that Felipe considered Ute as the Mother and lover in one woman (Belli, 2004, p. 47). Thus, just as an orange tree must bear forrard fruit that produces a continuous cycle of orange trees, so must women bear forth children who will, in turn, grow up to replenish the Earth. Another reason why much symbolism exists in the novel is because of the realism. Lavinia read a book that state that Jules Verne had never left France, and yet he had still managed to reach the moon with his imagination and predict many of humanitys deeds and discoveries (Belli, 2004, p. 55).This is what Lavinia desired out of life. Consequently, the mind (or imagination) can open up doors to endless opportunities and countless lessons. Unlike the body which comes to a closure upon death, due to the mind, legacies can live on. Lavinias gramps tapped into this concept as he gave Lavinia some final words that included Now that I am nearing Omega, I leave you this legacy nothing that is through in the name of universal culture is ever a waste (Belli, 2004, p. 56). Thus, through these words Lavinia was taught that no matter what the struggle or the triumph, a lesson is visible(prenominal) to be learned.Yet, the reader can learn from the symbolisms that exist in the novel. One such lesson came as Lavinias grandfather died on New Years Eve by sneezing to death (Belli, 2004, p. 56). Just as her grandfather had talked about Alpha and Omega (the beginning and the end), the lesson here is that just as one year comes to an end, another one begins. Although Lavinias grandfather died out, history still lived on through his granddaughter. That history included Lavinia coming in contact with members of the national Liberation Movement (NLM) that showed up at her door one day, wounded.It is a history that also includes Lavinia referring to her admiration of Che Guevara of Italy, her grandfathers fascination with Fidel Castro and the ideal of revolution, and even the NLM m embers being referenced to tropical Quixotes by Lavinia (Belli, 2004, p. 71). Yet, the reality of all lessons is that there are often harsh ones to be learned. Lavinia had to witness the same people she had helped (two men and one young woman) bodies being shown as bloody and dead in the paper when she returned to work.Just to not be discovered as a helper to these individuals, Lavinia had to recognize a lie to a co-worker in regards to which of the men was Fermin (Belli, 2004). Just before the book takes a turn where Lavinia changes from that lively woman with endless opportunities to do anything or be anything in life, she manages to sum of what the reader considers as the main theme of the book Man with his deeds can change features, appearances he can sow or cut down trees, change the course of rivers, make those huge dark roads that trace snaking paths along the earth.But he cannot move volcanoes, life up the canyons, interfere in the dome of the heavens, prevent the formation of the clouds, change the position of the sun or the moon. (Belli, 2004l, p. 85) This exert is symbolic of how since the beginning of time man-kind has altered things. In the bible when the City of Babel was being built were the people wanted to come together and build a tower to heaven, rather than use stones that were already made by God, man created bricks for building (Genesis 111-9, KJV).Yet, man-kind had been told to fill the earth. Since they would not do it themselves, the Lord sent angels to scramble their languages and force them to do so (Genesis, KJV). cod to the fact man-kind sowed a bad seed, there are many languages today and the reason why there are many wars. In the bible, when the City of Babel was being built, God realized that man-kind would not think there was anything they could not do if they were to succeed at this.So, God had to take action against it (Genesis 111-9, KJV). Throughout the novel, no matter what happened, Lavinia could always use her imagina tion to make things as she wanted to. However, no matter what, it did not change the fact she went from being the leader of her own life to being lead (by Sebastian and Lorenzo) and then to even turning to God for instruction. Due to these factors, one might consider Lavinia as putting profession first, politics second and religion last.In this scenario, Lavinia encountered the struggle of woman to find their place in the worlda struggle that often finds woman having to pay the ultimate worth of disobedience. References Belli, G. (2004). The Inhabited Woman. Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Press. Randall, M. (2004, Spring). The Inhabited Woman Foreward. (Contributor). Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Press. Wikipedia. (2008, February 13). Gioconda Belli. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from website http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gioconda_Belli